Qualitative tests of functional groups in Lipid

                                            Qualitative tests of functional groups in  Lipid 

Test for Lipid

Fats and oils are the lipids  found abundantly in plants and animals forming distinct foodstuff. Fats have double caloric value than the carbohydrates. They are soluble in organic solvents like ether, chloroform and alcohol and insoluble in water.

For experiment preferably olive oil should be used.

Sr. No.	Test	Observation
1	Solubility test.  In separate test tubes marked A, B, C and D, take 0.5 ml of water in test tube A, 5 ml  of ether in test tube B, 5 ml of chloroform in test tube C, and 5 ml  of alcohol in test tube D. Add 3 drops of oil, in each test tube drop by drop.	Test tube A = oil is not miscible and it floats. Test tube B = oil is miscible.  Test tube C = oil is miscible.  Test tube D = oil sinks to the bottom; on heating oil dissolves
2	Acrolin test In a dry test tube take 0.5 ml of oil, then add knifepoint of sodium or potassium hydrogen sulphate and mix thoroughly by a glass rod and heat.	Observe the irritating odor of Acrolin.
3	Emulsification of fats. : In a test tube take 3 ml of neutral oil, then add 2 drops of oleic acid, mix by shaking to form rancid oil. Now add 2 drops of this rancid oil to another test tube already containing 3 cc of dilute caustic soda.	The acid dissolves in alkali forming a soap, which entangles oil by diffusion to form emulsion.